{"id":7433,"date":"2024-10-25T13:09:03","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T10:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/?p=7433"},"modified":"2024-10-30T11:58:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T08:58:54","slug":"prin-tarihi-insanlik-kadar-eski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/prin-tarihi-insanlik-kadar-eski\/","title":{"rendered":"PR\u2019IN TAR\u0130H\u0130 \u0130NSANLIK KADAR ESK\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130nsanlar, uzun y\u0131llardan beri halk\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmek ve onlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in PR&#8217;\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik pazarlamas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yor. Peki bu i\u015f tarihte ne kadar geriye gidiyor? 100 y\u0131l, 200 y\u0131l? D\u00fcnya tarihindeki ilk PR \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finizde eminiz ki \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131racaks\u0131n\u0131z!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halkla ili\u015fkiler modern bi\u00e7imini 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda almaya ba\u015flasa da bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok daha eskilere dayan\u0131yor. PR&#8217;\u0131n ilk kay\u0131tl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015fleri hakk\u0131nda halkla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yunanistan&#8217;dayd\u0131. Roma&#8217;da halkla ili\u015fkiler, y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131fa destek olu\u015fturmak ve Roma&#8217;n\u0131n imaj\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Orta \u00c7a\u011f boyunca da monar\u015filer ve kilise yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan halka iletilen mesaj\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130LK PR FENOMENLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peki, d\u00fcnya tarihinde ilk halkla ili\u015fkiler uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6 50 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor musunuz? Bu tarihte Julius Sezar, Romal\u0131lar\u0131 kendisinin en iyi devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na ikna etmek i\u00e7in askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bilinen \u201cilk siyasi kampanya biyografisinde\u201d kamuoyuna duyurdu. Ki s\u00f6z konusu belge d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk kamu b\u00fclteni olarak kabul edilir. Bu uygulama zaman i\u00e7erisinde olduk\u00e7a etkili oldu ki bug\u00fcn dahi siyasi adaylar taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc PR profesyonellerinin y\u00fckseli\u015finden \u00f6nce, PR sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen ve \u015fekillendiren baz\u0131 kadim ki\u015filikler vard\u0131.&nbsp;Peki, bahsetmeye de\u011fer ilk PR fenomenleri kimlerdi?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Ptah-Hotep (M.\u00d6. 2200), insanlarla ileti\u015fimin \u00f6nemine odaklanan&nbsp;<em>Ptah-Hotep&#8217;in \u00d6zdeyi\u015fleri adl\u0131<\/em>&nbsp;kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazan bir M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 edebiyat\u00e7\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bat\u0131 felsefesinin kurucular\u0131ndan Sokrates (M.\u00d6. 470-M.\u00d6. 399), etkili ileti\u015fimin ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeydi.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130kna etme ve kamuoyunu \u015fekillendirme sanat\u0131n\u0131 ele alan&nbsp;<em>Retorik&nbsp;<\/em>adl\u0131 eseriyle tan\u0131nan Aristoteles (M.\u00d6. 384 &#8211; M.\u00d6. 322).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>HER MESLE\u011e\u0130N \u00d6NC\u00dcLER\u0130 BULUNUYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halkla ili\u015fkiler sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, halkla ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6nemli bir meslek olarak temellerini atan \u00f6nc\u00fcleri ve \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 olmasayd\u0131 bug\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu noktaya gelemezdi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yolculu\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Johannes Gutenberg&#8217;in matbaay\u0131 icat etti\u011fi 1440 y\u0131l\u0131na dayan\u0131yor. Bu geli\u015fme propagandan\u0131n, gazetecilik faaliyetinin ve kitaplar, bro\u015f\u00fcrler vb. gibi bas\u0131l\u0131 materyallerin aniden yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yakla\u015f\u0131k 140 y\u0131l sonra (1584&#8217;te), Sir Walter Raleigh biraz reklam yapmaya karar verdi ve daha fazla yerle\u015fimciyi ikna etmek i\u00e7in Roanoke Adas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere&#8217;ye raporlar g\u00f6nderdi. \u00c7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, giri\u015fimi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmaktan uzakt\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc arazinin batakl\u0131k oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1773&#8217;te \u201cPropaganda Ustas\u0131\u201d olarak kabul edilen Samuel Adams, Devrim Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in halkla ili\u015fkiler d\u00fczenledi ve 3 y\u0131l sonra Thomas Paine, insanlar\u0131 e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7in sava\u015fmaya te\u015fvik eden&nbsp;<em>Common Sense<\/em>&nbsp;adl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc yazd\u0131. Amos Kendall, Ba\u015fkan Andrew Jackson&#8217;\u0131n bas\u0131n sekreteri oldu\u011funda (1820), halkla ili\u015fkilerin bir kariyer haline gelmesini sa\u011flayan ki\u015fi olarak h\u0131zla kabul edildi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basil Clark, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere&#8217;nin ilk halkla ili\u015fkiler ajans\u0131 Editorial Services&#8217;\u0131 kurarak ilk halkla ili\u015fkiler uzman\u0131 olarak kabul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gazeteci Ivy Lee 1903&#8217;te John Rockefeller&#8217;\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda PR bir meslek haline geldi. Tan\u0131t\u0131m uzman\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerindeki bir dizi grevin neden oldu\u011fu bir krizden sonra Rockefeller&#8217;\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan sorumluydu. Ivy Lee&#8217;nin ayr\u0131ca ilk bas\u0131n b\u00fclteninin yazar\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halkla \u0130li\u015fkiler alan\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli isimlerden biri, Halkla \u0130li\u015fkilerin Babas\u0131 ve etkili&nbsp;\u201c<em>Propaganda\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Edward Bernays&#8217;dir.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;Sigmund Freud&#8217;un ye\u011feni olan Bernays&#8217;in halkla ili\u015fkiler stratejileri, amcas\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015fsal psikoloji teorilerinden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilendi. Edward Bernays, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan siyasi propagandan\u0131n, \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan da m\u00fc\u015fteri ve t\u00fcketiciyi daha incelikli bir bi\u00e7imde etkilemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeydi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015f adam\u0131 Henry Ford, 1930&#8217;lu y\u0131llarda \u015firketini tan\u0131tmak ve sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla halkla ili\u015fkiler ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, halkla ili\u015fkilerden anlaml\u0131 bir meslek olarak bahsedebilmemiz, ancak yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 denemeye cesaret eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00e7abas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlar, uzun y\u0131llardan beri halk\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmek ve onlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in PR&#8217;\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik pazarlamas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yor. Peki bu i\u015f tarihte ne kadar geriye gidiyor? 100 y\u0131l, 200 y\u0131l? D\u00fcnya tarihindeki ilk PR \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finizde eminiz ki \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131racaks\u0131n\u0131z! Halkla ili\u015fkiler modern bi\u00e7imini 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda almaya ba\u015flasa da bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-halkla-iliskiler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7433"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7447,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7433\/revisions\/7447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/feveran.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}